Strict-Transport-Security HSTS
Tells browsers to always use https for your site, so a connection cannot be quietly downgraded to http on an untrusted network.
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
Six months (15552000 seconds) is the minimum Gmork considers strong. Only add includeSubDomains if every subdomain has https.
Content-Security-Policy CSP
Lists where scripts, styles, images and frames may load from. It blunts injected scripts, such as card skimmers, that point at an attacker’s domain.
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; object-src 'none'; base-uri 'self'; frame-ancestors 'none'
Start with Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only to see what would break, then enforce. Report-only alone blocks nothing.
X-Frame-Options XFO
Stops other sites from framing your pages to trick visitors into clicking (clickjacking). A CSP frame-ancestors rule does the same job and counts here.
X-Frame-Options: DENY
Use SAMEORIGIN if your own site frames its pages.
X-Content-Type-Options XCTO
Stops the browser from guessing file types, so an uploaded file cannot be run as a script.
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
nosniff is the only valid value.
Referrer-Policy RP
Controls how much of your page address is sent to other sites when visitors click away or the page loads outside resources.
Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin
Avoid unsafe-url, which sends full addresses, including query strings, to every site.
Permissions-Policy PP
Turns off browser features your site does not use, like camera, microphone or location, so injected code or embeds cannot request them.
Permissions-Policy: camera=(), microphone=(), geolocation=()
Leave out any feature the site really uses, or allow it for your own origin with (self).
Software disclosure info
The checker also notes an X-Powered-By header, or a Server header with a version number such as nginx/1.18.0. They are not vulnerabilities by themselves, but they make outdated software easy to spot. They never count toward the six.
Most servers and frameworks can remove them, for example server_tokens off in nginx.